LUSAKA, Zambia — Zambia has taken a decisive step in the fight against tobacco-related harm after its National Assembly passed the Tobacco Control Bill at Third Reading, marking a major milestone in efforts to protect public health and curb rising non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
The legislation comes amid growing concern over the country’s tobacco burden, which claims an estimated 7,000 lives annually. Health experts attribute the majority of these deaths to tobacco-related illnesses, including cancers, with the Cancer Diseases Hospital reporting a significant share of cases linked directly to tobacco use.
Beyond mortality, smoking prevalence—estimated at 24% among men—continues to strain Zambia’s healthcare system. Projections by the World Health Organization had warned of an additional 300,000 smokers by 2025, particularly among adolescents, if no intervention was made.
The newly adopted Bill introduces sweeping reforms, including a total ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. It prohibits the sale of tobacco and nicotine products to minors, establishes smoke-free public spaces, and restricts government interaction with the tobacco industry in line with global health standards.
In a bid to support long-term enforcement, the law also creates a dedicated Tobacco Control Fund and provides cessation services to help smokers quit.
The Centre for Trade Policy and Development (CTPD) hailed the move as the culmination of years of advocacy and policy engagement.
“This achievement reflects years of advocacy, evidence-based policy engagement, and the collective efforts of various stakeholders, including civil society and public health champions,” CTPD said in a statement.
The organization has now urged President Hakainde Hichilema to swiftly assent to the Bill to give it full legal force.
“As we celebrate this progress, all eyes now turn to President Hakainde Hichilema for assent. Once signed into law, this bill will strengthen Zambia’s response to non-communicable diseases and create a healthier future for all,” CTPD added.
The African Tobacco Control Alliance (ATCA) also welcomed what it described as a “historic” development, noting that Zambia’s progress is particularly significant given its status as a major tobacco-producing country.
“This landmark achievement represents a decisive step forward for public health in a country where progress has long been hindered by the entrenched presence of multinational tobacco corporations,” ATCA said.
The alliance praised the Zambian government and parliament for prioritizing public health despite industry pressure.
“Their vote reflects principled leadership and a deep sense of responsibility to the Zambian people,” ATCA noted.
Zambia’s move carries broader continental significance. Ranked among Africa’s top tobacco-producing nations—often referred to as the “T5”—the country has historically faced challenges advancing tobacco control due to economic reliance on the crop.
However, recent data shows tobacco’s contribution to Zambia’s GDP has declined sharply from 1.56% in 2005 to just 0.30% in 2022, while annual economic losses linked to tobacco-related healthcare costs and lost productivity are estimated between ZMW 1.6 billion and ZMW 2.8 billion.
Public health advocates argue that the perceived economic benefits of tobacco are a “false economy,” pointing to low farmer returns—estimated at just $2.69 per day—compared to alternative crops such as sugarcane and horticulture.
Studies by the United Nations and Zambia’s Ministry of Health indicate that tobacco-related illnesses cost the country up to 1.2% of its GDP annually.
If effectively implemented, the Tobacco Control Bill is expected to save more than 40,000 lives in the coming years and significantly reduce healthcare expenditure, while promoting a shift toward sustainable agriculture and a healthier workforce.
Despite concerns from industry players about potential job losses and illicit trade, stakeholders maintain that the long-term benefits outweigh the risks.
ATCA emphasized that the passage of the Bill is only the beginning.
“Effective implementation will require continued commitment, adequate resources, and strong multisectoral coordination,” the alliance said, urging swift presidential assent to maintain momentum.
The organization further described Zambia’s action as a model for other African nations.
“Zambia has proven that protecting citizens from tobacco harm is both realistic and achievable. A tobacco-free Africa is possible,” ATCA concluded.
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